300+ SCADA Protocol Articles & Guides
Deep dives on Modbus, DNP3, IEC 60870-5-101/104, IEC 61850, OPC UA, Profinet, MQTT, IEC 62443, and substation automation — written for practicing engineers.
XON and XOFF: Software Flow Control Explained
XON and XOFF are the two characters behind serial software flow control. See the DC1/DC3 codes, the pause-resume cycle, and when to use it vs RTS/CTS.
EtherCAT Protocol Explained: The Trick That Makes It Fast
EtherCAT protocol explained end to end: processing on the fly, logical addressing and FMMU, frame and datagram structure, four addressing modes, Distributed Clocks, slave internals (FMMU, sync managers, SII), mailbox protocols, over-UDP/IP variant, and the state machine.
PROFINET TIA Portal Configuration: Step-by-Step Guide
PROFINET TIA Portal configuration step by step: GSD install, device naming, module setup, I/O address mapping, update time, download, and online diagnostics.
CIP Protocol Ports: How EtherNet/IP Uses Ports 44818 and 2222
CIP Protocol Ports explained: learn how EtherNet/IP uses ports 44818 and 2222 to transport CIP messages for configuration, diagnostics, and real-time I/O communication.
Media Redundancy Protocol (MRP) Explained for Industrial Communication Networks
Learn how Media Redundancy Protocol (MRP) ensures fast, reliable redundancy in industrial communication ring networks. Technical yet simple guide for automation and SCADA systems.
RS-485 Wiring Guide: Best Practices, Installation Steps, and Common Mistakes to Avoid
Learn RS-485 wiring best practices with our complete installation guide. Discover tips, diagrams, and common mistakes to ensure reliable network performance.