300+ SCADA Protocol Articles & Guides
Deep dives on Modbus, DNP3, IEC 60870-5-101/104, IEC 61850, OPC UA, Profinet, MQTT, IEC 62443, and substation automation — written for practicing engineers.
MQTT Broker Redundancy and High Availability: Complete Guide
MQTT broker redundancy explained: clustering, bridging, active/passive failover, load balancing, client-side patterns, and broker-specific recommendations for HA.
What Is Sparkplug B? A Complete Guide to MQTT for Industrial IoT
Sparkplug B explained: the Eclipse Foundation MQTT specification for industrial IoT, topic namespace, protobuf payload, birth/death certificates, and state management.
Python MQTT: Complete Guide to paho-mqtt 2.x
Python MQTT with paho-mqtt 2.x: connect, publish, subscribe, QoS, TLS, JSON, reconnection and common errors. Working code plus the 2026 API change.
What Is AMQP 0.9.1? A Complete Guide to the Protocol
AMQP 0.9.1 explained: the RabbitMQ protocol, exchanges, queues, bindings, routing keys, delivery guarantees, and why it remains widely used despite AMQP 1.0.
MQTT vs AMQP: A Complete Comparison
MQTT vs AMQP compared: the differences between MQTT and both AMQP 0.9.1 and AMQP 1.0, feature by feature, with honest guidance on which fits which use case.
HTTP vs MQTT: Which to Use for Real-Time Messaging
HTTP vs MQTT compared for real-time messaging: long polling, SSE, WebSockets, and MQTT weighed on latency, scale, direction, and delivery guarantees.
Open Source MQTT Broker: Mosquitto vs EMQX vs HiveMQ CE vs VerneMQ
Open source MQTT brokers compared: Mosquitto, EMQX, HiveMQ CE, and VerneMQ. Features, licenses, clustering, Sparkplug B, and honest guidance on when to pick each.
MQTT 5 vs MQTT 3.1.1: Differences, Features & Migration
MQTT 5 vs MQTT 3.1.1 compared: every difference, every new feature, behavioral changes, packet-level changes, and how to decide which version to use.
Wireshark MQTT: Decode Industrial IoT Traffic
Wireshark MQTT capture and decode: display filters, CONNECT and PUBLISH packets, QoS levels, Sparkplug B payloads, TLS on 8883, and broker troubleshooting.