Modbus is simple, but real SCADA integration is rarely simple. In power systems, automation, and industrial plants, most commissioning delays come from small configuration mistakes or physical-layer issues — not from the protocol itself. This guide explains 15 real Modbus problems engineers face on site, how to recognize them quickly, and what practical actions solve them. The explanations… Read More »
Industrial Ethernet networks are expected to operate continuously, even when cables fail or devices are powered off. In many automation environments, a short communication interruption can stop production, affect safety, or cause loss of control. To address this requirement, several standardized redundancy protocols have been developed. One of them is the Ring-based Redundancy Protocol (RRP). RRP is defined… Read More »
High availability is a mandatory requirement in modern industrial automation networks. Process control, power systems, water treatment plants, and safety-critical infrastructures cannot tolerate long communication interruptions. Beacon Redundancy Protocol (BRP) is an Ethernet-based redundancy protocol standardized in IEC 62439-5. It provides deterministic fault detection and fast recovery against single point failures while keeping the network architecture simple and… Read More »
A Distribution Management System (DMS) is a software platform used by electric utilities to monitor, control, analyze, and optimize distribution networks. These networks typically operate at medium voltage (MV) and low voltage (LV) levels and deliver electricity from substations to end customers. In simple terms, a DMS helps utilities operate the distribution grid safely, reliably, and efficiently in… Read More »
An Energy Management System (EMS) is a software system used by power utilities to monitor, control, analyze, and optimize the operation of electrical power systems, mainly at the generation and transmission levels. In simple words, an EMS helps system operators keep the power system secure, stable, and economical, while ensuring electricity supply meets demand at all times. EMS… Read More »
Industrial communication networks are very different from office or IT networks. In factories, substations, water plants, and process industries, communication is part of the control system itself. If data stops flowing, machines can stop, processes can become unstable, alarms may be delayed, and safety can be affected. Because of this, industrial networks must be highly available, predictable, and… Read More »
Industrial Ethernet networks form the backbone of modern SCADA, substation automation, manufacturing, and process control systems. Unlike traditional office IT networks, industrial networks must provide high availability, predictable behavior, and fast recovery from failures. Even short communication interruptions can lead to production losses, control instability, or safety risks. To meet these requirements, redundancy is commonly built into industrial… Read More »
SCADA systems provide supervisory monitoring, data acquisition, and remote control of field devices by collecting alarms and status information from distributed sites. Unlike typical IT applications, SCADA traffic is event-driven, time-sensitive, and often safety-critical. Because of this, the choice of VPN technology can directly affect how well SCADA protocols behave over wide-area or untrusted networks. WireGuard and OpenVPN… Read More »
TCP port 22 is one of the most important ports in modern computer networks. It is the default port used by SSH (Secure Shell), a protocol designed to provide secure remote access to systems over an untrusted network. Whenever engineers connect to a server, network device, or industrial system using SSH, they are almost always using TCP port… Read More »
Ethernet has become the backbone of modern power system automation. From protection relays and bay controllers to SCADA gateways and digital substations, Ethernet networks now carry time-critical protection traffic alongside operational and engineering data. However, substations are among the harshest environments in which communication equipment can be installed. High electromagnetic interference, wide temperature ranges, vibration, and electrical transients… Read More »