300+ SCADA Protocol Articles & Guides
Deep dives on Modbus, DNP3, IEC 60870-5-101/104, IEC 61850, OPC UA, Profinet, MQTT, IEC 62443, and substation automation — written for practicing engineers.
How to Set Up IEC 60870-5-104 for SCADA Remote Monitoring
Learn how to set up IEC 60870-5-104 for SCADA step by step. Covers APDU structure, timeouts t0-t3, IOA mapping, General Interrogation, and troubleshooting.
IEC 103 Protocol Decoder: Free, Fast, In-Browser
Instantly decode IEC 60870-5-103 frames online. Analyze protection events, timestamps, ASDU types, and relay data with a reliable IEC-103 hex decoder.
Instant IEC-104 Decoder - Paste Any IEC-104 Hex Frame, Get Clear Results
Decode IEC-104 frames instantly in your browser. Paste hex data to view APCI, ASDU, timestamps, values, and quality bits with a fast, offline IEC-104 decoder.
IEC 101 Frame Formats Explained | Fixed & Variable Frames
Learn IEC 101 frame formats. Understand fixed and variable-length frames, control fields, and ASDU structure with real IEC 101 examples.
IEC 60870-5-104 Time Synchronization (CP56Time2a) — Complete Technical Guide
Learn how IEC 60870-5-104 uses CP56Time2a for precise SCADA time synchronization, timestamping, and event accuracy across control systems.