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Deep dives on Modbus, DNP3, IEC 60870-5-101/104, IEC 61850, OPC UA, Profinet, MQTT, IEC 62443, and substation automation — written for practicing engineers.

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Showing 1–5 of 5 articles
IEC 104

How to Set Up IEC 60870-5-104 for SCADA Remote Monitoring

Learn how to set up IEC 60870-5-104 for SCADA step by step. Covers APDU structure, timeouts t0-t3, IOA mapping, General Interrogation, and troubleshooting.

Apr 2, 202613
PROTOCOL DECODERS

IEC 103 Protocol Decoder: Free, Fast, In-Browser

Instantly decode IEC 60870-5-103 frames online. Analyze protection events, timestamps, ASDU types, and relay data with a reliable IEC-103 hex decoder.

Nov 21, 20254
IEC 104

Instant IEC-104 Decoder - Paste Any IEC-104 Hex Frame, Get Clear Results

Decode IEC-104 frames instantly in your browser. Paste hex data to view APCI, ASDU, timestamps, values, and quality bits with a fast, offline IEC-104 decoder.

Nov 21, 20255
IEC 101

IEC 101 Frame Formats Explained | Fixed & Variable Frames

Learn IEC 101 frame formats. Understand fixed and variable-length frames, control fields, and ASDU structure with real IEC 101 examples.

Nov 2, 202510
IEC 104

IEC 60870-5-104 Time Synchronization (CP56Time2a) — Complete Technical Guide

Learn how IEC 60870-5-104 uses CP56Time2a for precise SCADA time synchronization, timestamping, and event accuracy across control systems.

Oct 30, 20257
SCADA Protocols

Practical guides, free decoders, and tools for SCADA and industrial protocols, including DNP3, IEC 60870-5, IEC 61850, Modbus, OPC UA, MQTT, and more.

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