300+ SCADA Protocol Articles & Guides
Deep dives on Modbus, DNP3, IEC 60870-5-101/104, IEC 61850, OPC UA, Profinet, MQTT, IEC 62443, and substation automation — written for practicing engineers.
Most Popular SCADA Systems and Where Each One Fits
Most popular SCADA systems compared: Ignition, WinCC, iFIX, AVEVA, FactoryTalk, MicroSCADA X and more, with protocol support, licensing, and fit notes.
PTP Clock Synchronization in PRP and HSR Networks
How PTP works across PRP and HSR networks — BMCA, Hybrid Clocks, correctionField, RedBox clock roles, and what the standards actually require.
How to Connect PRP and HSR Networks | Step-by-Step Guide (IEC 62439-3)
How to connect PRP and HSR networks using RedBox and QuadBox. Five topology scenarios with step-by-step guidance, IP example, and rules from IEC 62439-3.
RedBox and QuadBox in PRP/HSR Networks
RedBox connects legacy devices to PRP and HSR networks. QuadBox links two HSR rings. Here's how both work, when to use them, and what the standard actually says.
PRP vs HSR Explained: IEC 62439-3 Complete Guide to Redundant Industrial Networks
Learn the key differences between PRP and HSR under IEC 62439-3. Clear guide to redundancy behavior, performance, and how to interconnect both systems.
HSR (High-Availability Seamless Redundancy) in IEC 61850 Networks: Complete Technical Guide
Deep technical guide to HSR for IEC 61850 networks. Learn how HSR frames, nodes, forwarding, RedBoxes, and QuadBoxes deliver zero-time redundancy.
Parallel Redundancy Protocol (PRP): Complete Guide to Zero-Downtime Industrial Network Reliability
Learn how Parallel Redundancy Protocol (PRP) ensures zero-downtime industrial networking with simple, clear explanations for reliability, safety, and performance.