300+ SCADA Protocol Articles & Guides
Deep dives on Modbus, DNP3, IEC 60870-5-101/104, IEC 61850, OPC UA, Profinet, MQTT, IEC 62443, and substation automation — written for practicing engineers.
ICCP vs IEC 61850: Two MMS Protocols, Two Jobs
ICCP vs IEC 61850 compared: why both run MMS on port 102, how their data models differ, control and reporting differences, and where the two meet in a utility.
ICCP Operations and Services: The Complete TASE.2 Map
ICCP operations mapped to MMS services both directions: every TASE.2 operation and action, the variable names that disambiguate them, and the error codes that matter.
ICCP Conformance Blocks: What Servers Actually Support
ICCP conformance blocks decoded: what blocks 1-5 give you, why blocks 6-9 were removed, how to read Supported_Features, and the spec quirks around blocks 3, 11, 12.
The ICCP Protocol Stack: OSI Over TCP/IP Explained
ICCP protocol stack layer by layer: TASE.2, MMS and ACSE over OSI presentation and session, ITOT (RFC 2126) on TCP/IP, ports 102/3782, selectors, QOS and priority.
ICCP Bilateral Tables Explained (TASE.2 Access Control)
How ICCP bilateral tables work: the agreement behind them, association checks, per-object access control, the Bilateral_Table_ID variable, and the CIM exchange model.
Decrypt Industrial Protocol Traffic in Wireshark
Decrypt industrial protocol traffic in Wireshark using SSLKEYLOGFILE: TLS-secured Modbus TCP on 802, IEC 104 on 19998, IEC 61850 MMS, and OPC UA sessions.
Energy Management System (EMS): Functions, Architecture, Benefits & Standards
Learn what an Energy Management System (EMS) is, how it works, its functions, architecture, benefits, and the role of IEC 61970 and CIM standards.