300+ SCADA Protocol Articles & Guides
Deep dives on Modbus, DNP3, IEC 60870-5-101/104, IEC 61850, OPC UA, Profinet, MQTT, IEC 62443, and substation automation — written for practicing engineers.
Wireshark Modbus TCP: Capture, Filter, Troubleshoot
Wireshark Modbus TCP analysis end to end: display filters, MBAP header decoding, exception responses, timeouts, and what each failure looks like on the wire.
Wireshark MQTT: Decode Industrial IoT Traffic
Wireshark MQTT capture and decode: display filters, CONNECT and PUBLISH packets, QoS levels, Sparkplug B payloads, TLS on 8883, and broker troubleshooting.
Wireshark OPC UA: Decode Client/Server Traffic
Wireshark OPC UA capture and decode: display filters, service node IDs, session and channel setup, decrypting secured traffic, and certificate failures.
Wireshark PROFINET: Decode RT, DCP, and IO Traffic
Wireshark PROFINET capture and decode: RT cyclic frames, DCP discovery, connection setup, alarm frames, LLDP topology checks, and cycle-time troubleshooting.
IEC 61850 Logical Nodes Explained: Complete Reference
IEC 61850 logical nodes in full: all 13 LN groups, the ones you meet daily like XCBR, PTOC, MMXU, CSWI, and GGIO, plus data objects and object references.
Modbus Register Map Explained: How to Read Any Device
Modbus register map reading made reliable: the four register types, the zero-based offset trap, data types inside registers, byte order, and scale factors.
Modbus TCP S7-1200: TIA Portal Step-by-Step Guide
Modbus TCP S7-1200 configuration in TIA Portal: MB_SERVER and MB_CLIENT setup, holding register mapping, connection parameters, and reading multiple devices.
Wireshark IEC 61850 MMS: Decode Client/Server
Wireshark IEC 61850 MMS capture and decode: the PRES user context fix for port 102, association setup, Read and Write services, reports, and control sequences.
OPC UA Pub/Sub: Complete Technical Guide for Engineers
OPC UA Pub/Sub explained — classic subscriptions, Part 14 broker model, MQTT/AMQP transport, UADP encoding, TSN integration, and Client/Server vs Pub/Sub.
OPC UA vs OPC DA: The Full Comparison Every Engineer Needs
OPC UA vs OPC DA compared across security, platform, data model, and more. See the full table, key differences explained, and when to use each protocol.
SCADA Protocol Analyzer: Decode Industrial Protocols on Your Phone
Decode DNP3, Modbus TCP/RTU, IEC-104, and IEC-101 hex frames on your Android phone. Paste, decode, and analyze SCADA protocol traffic anywhere - no laptop needed.
OT Security: Complete Guide to Operational Technology Protection
What is OT security? A practical guide covering threats, IEC 62443 zones and conduits, network segmentation, the Purdue Model, and best practices for 2026.
SCADA Security: Complete Guide to Protecting Control Systems
Learn how to secure SCADA systems from cyber threats. Covers network segmentation, remote access, IEC 62443 zones, real attacks, and a practical checklist.
Modbus Function Codes Explained with Real Examples
Modbus function codes with real hex frames: FC 01 to 06, FC 15 and 16, FC 23 and 43, plus register type matching and the mistakes that cause exceptions.
IEC 61850 SCL File Types: ICD, SSD, SCD, IID, CID, SED
IEC 61850 SCL file types explained: what ICD, SSD, SCD, IID, CID, and SED each contain, who creates them, and how they connect in the engineering workflow.
How to Set Up IEC 60870-5-104 for SCADA Remote Monitoring
Learn how to set up IEC 60870-5-104 for SCADA step by step. Covers APDU structure, timeouts t0-t3, IOA mapping, General Interrogation, and troubleshooting.
IEC 61850 Security: Threats, IEC 62351, and Hardening
IEC 61850 security threats against GOOSE, MMS, and Sampled Values, and what IEC 62351 does about them: TLS profiles, HMAC, role-based access, and hardening.
Modbus Security Risks and How to Protect Your Network
Modbus security risks in practice: why the protocol has no authentication, real attack techniques on RTU and TCP, plus segmentation, firewalls, and monitoring.