300+ SCADA Protocol Articles & Guides
Deep dives on Modbus, DNP3, IEC 60870-5-101/104, IEC 61850, OPC UA, Profinet, MQTT, IEC 62443, and substation automation — written for practicing engineers.
PROFINET CC-C Requirements: IRT Ethernet Cards, ASICs, Switches
PROFINET CC-C hardware per IEC 61784-2: IRT Ethernet cards (CP 1626, cifX), certified ASICs, switch requirements, PTCP timing, and a tender checklist.
PROFINET Port Numbers Explained: UDP 34962/34963/34964, Ethertype 0x8892, and Firewall Configuration
Complete guide to PROFINET ports. Covers UDP 34962, 34963, 34964, 49152, Ethertype 0x8892 for cyclic I/O, MRP 0x88E3, firewall rules, and Wireshark filters.
PROFINET Conformance Classes Explained: CC-A, CC-B, CC-C (IRT), and CC-D (TSN)
Understand PROFINET conformance classes CC-A, CC-B, CC-C with IRT, and CC-D with TSN. Covers RT classes, cycle times, switch requirements, and which class to use.
PROFINET GSD/GSDML Files Explained: What They Are and How to Use Them
Learn what PROFINET GSD and GSDML files are, how to read the XML structure, import into TIA Portal, troubleshoot problems, and find the latest files from vendors.
What is PROFINET? Complete Guide for Engineers
What is PROFINET? This complete guide explains how PROFINET works — IO-Controller/IO-Device model, RT classes, IRT, conformance classes, GSDML files, MRP redundancy, PROFIsafe, and how it differs from PROFIBUS. Based on IEC 61784-2.