Zakaria El Intissar

I'm an automation and industrial computing engineer with 12 years of experience in power system automation, SCADA communication protocols, and electrical protection. I build tools and write guides for Modbus, DNP3, IEC 101/103/104, and IEC 61850 on ScadaProtocols.com to help engineers decode, analyze, and troubleshoot real industrial communication systems.

Author Archives: Zakaria El Intissar

Modbus RTU vs Modbus TCP/IP — Frame Structure and Key Differences

Modbus is one of the most widely used communication protocols in industrial automation and control systems. Originally designed for serial networks, Modbus evolved to work seamlessly over Ethernet and IP networks, creating two common variants — Modbus RTU and Modbus TCP/IP. Although both use the same core data model and function codes, they differ in frame structure, transmission… Read More »