300+ SCADA Protocol Articles & Guides
Deep dives on Modbus, DNP3, IEC 60870-5-101/104, IEC 61850, OPC UA, Profinet, MQTT, IEC 62443, and substation automation — written for practicing engineers.
IEC 61131-3: The Complete Guide to PLC Programming Languages
IEC 61131-3 defines how PLCs are programmed — the languages, data types, function blocks, and software model. A complete guide, current to the 2025 fourth edition.
SCADA and ICS: The Difference and How They Fit Together
SCADA and ICS are not the same thing: SCADA is one type of ICS. See how SCADA, DCS, and PLC systems fit inside ICS and OT, per NIST and IEC definitions.
EtherNet/IP vs Modbus TCP: Complete Comparison Guide
EtherNet/IP vs Modbus TCP: detailed comparison of data models, performance, ports, security, deployment scenarios. When to choose which protocol.
Coding Modbus TCP/IP for Arduino: A Complete Technical Guide
Complete guide to coding Modbus TCP/IP on Arduino. Learn protocol structure, implement client/server, practical examples, troubleshooting. Perfect for industrial automation projects.
What Is an Industrial Control System (ICS)?
Learn what an Industrial Control System (ICS) is, how it works, and why securing ICS is critical for modern industrial infrastructure.