SCADA Protocols - Master Every Communication Protocol

Securing IEC-104 Traffic Over OpenVPN: A Complete Technical Guide for Modern Critical Infrastructure

IEC-60870-5-104 (IEC-104) is one of the most widely used protocols for telecontrol communication in power utilities, substations, renewable energy sites, industrial automation, and critical infrastructure networks. Its simplicity, efficiency, and ability to run over standard TCP/IP networks make it attractive for SCADA systems worldwide. But IEC-104 has a serious security problem: IEC-104 has no built-in security — no… Read More »

IEC 61850 Sampled Values (SV) Explained: A Simple Technical Guide for Digital Substations

Sampled Values (SV) are one of the core technologies behind modern IEC 61850 digital substations. They allow current and voltage measurements from CTs and VTs to be transmitted as digital Ethernet messages instead of analog signals over copper wires. If GOOSE replaces binary wiring, Sampled Values replace CT/VT analog wiring. This article explains how SV works, why it… Read More »

GOOSE vs Sampled Values (SV) in IEC 61850: Clear Differences, Use Cases & Engineering Guide

IEC 61850 has transformed how substations communicate. In the past, everything depended on copper wiring, physical contacts, and slow serial links. Today, digital substations use Ethernet-based messages that move information instantly between IEDs. Two of the fastest and most important IEC 61850 services are: Even though both use Ethernet multicast, they serve completely different purposes. GOOSE carries decisions… Read More »

IEC 103 Protocol Decoder: Free, Fast, In-Browser

The IEC 60870-5-103 (IEC 103) protocol remains one of the most widely used communication standards for protection equipment in electrical substations. Engineers, technicians, and SCADA developers rely on it to exchange event data, trip information, timestamps, and analog values between protection relays and control systems. Whether you’re commissioning new equipment or analyzing fault records, having a reliable IEC… Read More »

Free Modbus Decoder & Encoder Online – Instantly Decode RTU & TCP Data

Do you ever look at a Modbus hex string and wonder what it really means?Are you trying to check if your PLC or SCADA system is sending the right values?Or do you just need to quickly create a Modbus command to test a device? This Free Online Modbus Decoder and Encoder is built to make those tasks easy.… Read More »

DNP3 Decoder Tool Online | Decode DNP3 Frames Instantly (IEEE 1815)

In the world of industrial automation and SCADA systems, the DNP3 protocol (Distributed Network Protocol 3) plays a critical role in enabling secure and reliable data communication between devices. Whether you’re a utility engineer, cybersecurity analyst, or automation developer, decoding DNP3 frames is essential for troubleshooting, compliance, and interoperability. Manually decoding DNP3 hexadecimal data is time-consuming and error-prone.… Read More »

Instant IEC-104 Decoder – Paste Any IEC-104 Hex Frame, Get Clear Results

The IEC 60870-5-104 protocol (usually called IEC-104) is one of the main communication standards used in SCADA and substation automation. It defines how control centers, RTUs, and gateways exchange data over TCP/IP networks. If you work with substations, automation, protocol testing, or energy systems, you’ve probably seen IEC-104 hex frames. Reading these frames by hand is slow and… Read More »

IEC 61850 GOOSE Explained: Complete Guide to Fast Substation Messaging, Protection & Automation

GOOSE (Generic Object Oriented Substation Event) is one of the most important communication services defined in IEC 61850. It is used to exchange fast, event-driven messages between protection IEDs, bay controllers, and automation devices. GOOSE is designed to carry protection signals such as trips, interlocks, blockings, permissives, and alarms with very low latency and high reliability, replacing copper… Read More »

IEC 61850 Data Sets: The Difference Between Static and Dynamic Explained Clearly

Data Sets are one of the most important concepts in IEC 61850. They define which values inside an IED are grouped together so the device can report them, log them, publish them over GOOSE, or return them in a single MMS read request. Anyone working with protection relays, SCADA integration, automation logic, or commissioning eventually deals with Data… Read More »

IEC 61850 MMS Explained: Full Guide to Reporting, Control, and Communication in Digital Substations

IEC 61850 is the modern communication standard used in power utility automation systems. It defines how intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) communicate inside substations and across modern electrical networks. One of the most important technologies inside this standard is MMS (Manufacturing Message Specification). MMS is used for supervisory communication, real-time monitoring, remote control, reporting, configuration, file exchange, and system… Read More »