300+ SCADA Protocol Articles & Guides
Deep dives on Modbus, DNP3, IEC 60870-5-101/104, IEC 61850, OPC UA, Profinet, MQTT, IEC 62443, and substation automation — written for practicing engineers.
MQTT Broker Redundancy and High Availability: Complete Guide
MQTT broker redundancy explained: clustering, bridging, active/passive failover, load balancing, client-side patterns, and broker-specific recommendations for HA.
Modbus to MQTT: How the Gateway Bridge Works
Modbus to MQTT explained: how a gateway maps registers to topics, builds JSON payloads, and handles reads, writes, QoS and TLS. With a worked example.
What Is Sparkplug B? A Complete Guide to MQTT for Industrial IoT
Sparkplug B explained: the Eclipse Foundation MQTT specification for industrial IoT, topic namespace, protobuf payload, birth/death certificates, and state management.
Python MQTT: Complete Guide to paho-mqtt 2.x
Python MQTT with paho-mqtt 2.x: connect, publish, subscribe, QoS, TLS, JSON, reconnection and common errors. Working code plus the 2026 API change.
MQTT vs AMQP: A Complete Comparison
MQTT vs AMQP compared: the differences between MQTT and both AMQP 0.9.1 and AMQP 1.0, feature by feature, with honest guidance on which fits which use case.
HTTP vs MQTT: Which to Use for Real-Time Messaging
HTTP vs MQTT compared for real-time messaging: long polling, SSE, WebSockets, and MQTT weighed on latency, scale, direction, and delivery guarantees.
Open Source MQTT Broker: Mosquitto vs EMQX vs HiveMQ CE vs VerneMQ
Open source MQTT brokers compared: Mosquitto, EMQX, HiveMQ CE, and VerneMQ. Features, licenses, clustering, Sparkplug B, and honest guidance on when to pick each.
MQTT 5 vs MQTT 3.1.1: Differences, Features & Migration
MQTT 5 vs MQTT 3.1.1 compared: every difference, every new feature, behavioral changes, packet-level changes, and how to decide which version to use.
OPC UA vs MQTT vs Modbus: Which Protocol Should You Use?
OPC UA vs MQTT vs Modbus: Which protocol fits your project? Compare security, speed, data modeling, and scalability to pick the right one for your IIoT system.